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Energy & Work: The Currency of Physics

Students explore work, kinetic and potential energy, and the powerful law of conservation of energy — learning how energy transforms from one form to another but is never lost, from a roller coaster to a falling apple.

Grade 11Energy55 minutes1 class period5E ModelExplicit teaching4 StandardsCommon Core
Start the Lesson
Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Define work (W = Fd).
  • ✓Explain kinetic and potential energy.
  • ✓State conservation of energy.
  • ✓Distinguish energy from power.
Essential Question

A roller coaster has no engine after the first hill — so what carries it through every loop and rise? The answer is energy, quietly transforming form to form.

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Energy Explorer · Interactive

The Energy Explorer

Project this and tap each idea. Have students connect work, kinetic and potential energy, conservation, and power.

⚡ Explore energy & work — tap eachTry it

The Lesson · 5E Model

55 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Engage — The Engineless Coaster

5 min

What powers a roller coaster after the first hill?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Pose the coaster puzzle.
  • Ask what carries it.
  • Set the goal: energy.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Consider the coaster.
  • Wonder how.
  • Predict the idea.
2

Explore — Explore Energy

12 min

Students investigate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to the Energy Explorer.
  • Record each idea.
  • Note the transformations.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Tap each one.
  • Record it.
  • Note transforms.
3

Explain — Work & Energy

13 min

Teacher explains.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Define work (W = Fd).
  • Explain KE and PE.
  • State conservation of energy.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Explain work.
  • Explain KE/PE.
  • Explain conservation.
4

Elaborate — Transform It

12 min

Apply.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Trace PE → KE in a fall.
  • Calculate KE and PE.
  • Distinguish energy and power.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Trace the change.
  • Calculate energy.
  • Explain power.
5

Evaluate — Exit Ticket

5 min

Three quick checks.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Hand out the exit ticket.
  • Look for conservation ideas.
  • Collect as formative data.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Define work.
  • Explain KE/PE.
  • State conservation.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards (High School Physics) and Common Core literacy in science.

NGSS
HS-PS3-1

Create a computational model to calculate the change in energy of a system.

NGSS
HS-PS3-2

Develop models to illustrate energy at the macroscopic and molecular scale.

NGSS
HS-PS3-3

Design a device that converts one form of energy into another.

CCSS
RST.11-12.7

Integrate quantitative information with text in a model.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Energy-form picture cards.
  • Sentence frame: “___ energy is the energy of ___.”
  • Trace a roller-coaster diagram.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Focus on KE vs. PE.
  • Use a coaster visual.
  • Provide the formulas.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Solve conservation-of-energy problems.
  • Include friction losses.
  • Calculate power in watts.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 📓Science notebooks
  • 💻The Energy Explorer
  • 🎢A ramp + ball
  • 🧮Calculators
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

workforce applied over a distance (W = Fd)energythe ability to do workkinetic energythe energy of motion (½mv²)potential energystored energy (mgh)conservation of energyenergy is transformed, not lostpowerthe rate of doing work (watts)joulethe unit of work and energymechanical energythe sum of KE and PE
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
What is the formula for work?
Work = Force × distance (W = Fd).
QUESTION 2
As an object falls, what energy transformation occurs?
Potential energy converts into kinetic energy.
QUESTION 3
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Energy is never created or destroyed — it only changes from one form to another.

Going deeper? Coaster math.

Have students use conservation of energy to calculate a roller coaster’s speed at the bottom of a hill from its starting height. A printable energy sheet is in the Science library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Energy & WorkFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Energy & WorkQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Energy & WorkPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: conservation of energy, energy, joule, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, potential energy, power, work
  1. the sum of KE and PE
  2. the rate of doing work (watts)
  3. force applied over a distance (W = Fd)
  4. stored energy (mgh)
  5. the unit of work and energy
  6. the ability to do work
  7. energy is transformed, not lost
  8. the energy of motion (½mv²)

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. What is the formula for work?
  2. As an object falls, what energy transformation occurs?
  3. What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Answer key — Part A: 1) mechanical energy · 2) power · 3) work · 4) potential energy · 5) joule · 6) energy · 7) conservation of energy · 8) kinetic energy
Part B: 1) Work = Force × distance (W = Fd). 2) Potential energy converts into kinetic energy. 3) Energy is never created or destroyed — it only changes from one form to another.