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Acids and Bases

Tenth graders learn how acids and bases differ, from where they sit on the pH scale to the ions they release in water, and sort the properties that set them apart.

Grade 10Acids and Bases55 minutes1 class period5E ModelExplicit teaching4 StandardsNGSS
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Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Define acids & bases.
  • ✓Read the pH scale.
  • ✓Identify properties of each.
  • ✓Sort properties by type.
Essential Question

Lemon juice, soap, stomach acid, and baking soda all behave in predictable, opposite ways. What makes a substance an acid or a base, and how can we tell them apart?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Sort It · Interactive

Sort Acids & Bases

Project this and sort each property into acids or bases — tap a property, then tap which type it describes.

⚖️ Sort each property: acid or base?Try it
🍋 Acids
🧼 Bases
Tap a property, then tap whether it describes an acid or a base.
The Lesson · 5E Instructional Model (Engage · Explore · Explain · Elaborate · Evaluate)

55 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Hook — Sour vs Slippery

5 min

Lemon juice is sour; soap feels slippery. What makes them chemical opposites?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show lemon and soap.
  • Ask what is different.
  • Set the goal.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Think.
  • Share.
  • Get ready.
2

Use — Sort the Properties

12 min

Students sort properties into acid or base.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to Sort Acids & Bases.
  • Drop each property.
  • Explain each choice.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Sort.
  • Say.
  • Explain.
3

Modify — Place on the pH Scale

13 min

Students map examples onto the pH scale.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Draw a 0-14 pH scale.
  • Place five substances.
  • Mark neutral at 7.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Draw.
  • Place.
  • Mark.
4

Create — Test Household Items

15 min

Students plan an indicator test.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Pick five household liquids.
  • Predict acid or base.
  • Plan a litmus/indicator test.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Pick.
  • Predict.
  • Plan.
5

Reflect — Opposites React

5 min

Students reflect on neutralization.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • What happens when they mix?
  • What does pH 7 mean?
  • Complete the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Say it.
  • Say it.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards (High School Life Science).

NGSS
HS-PS1-2

Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a chemical reaction based on the properties of elements.

NGSS
HS-PS1-7

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms are conserved during a chemical reaction (neutralization).

CCSS
RST.9-10.4

Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and domain-specific words and phrases in a science text.

CCSS
RST.9-10.7

Translate quantitative or technical information expressed in words into visual form.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Property + type cards.
  • Sentence frame: “An acid has a pH ___ 7.”
  • Sort two properties at a time.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with pH and litmus color.
  • Use a labeled pH strip.
  • Sort acids fully before bases.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Add strong vs weak acids.
  • Explain the log scale of pH.
  • Balance a neutralization equation.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 🧪pH / litmus strips
  • 💻Sort Acids & Bases
  • 🍦Household test liquids
  • ✏️Pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

acida substance with a pH below 7 that releases H⁺ ions in waterbasea substance with a pH above 7 that releases OH⁻ ions in waterpH scalea scale from 0 to 14 that measures how acidic or basic a solution isneutrala solution with a pH of 7, neither acidic nor basiclitmusa dye that turns red in acid and blue in baseindicatora substance that changes color to show pHionan atom or group with an electric charge, such as H⁺ or OH⁻neutralizationa reaction between an acid and a base that forms water and a salt
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
How can you tell an acid from a base using the pH scale?
An acid has a pH below 7 and a base has a pH above 7; a pH of 7 is neutral.
QUESTION 2
Name two properties of a base.
It feels slippery, turns litmus blue, has a pH above 7, and releases OH⁻ ions (any two).
QUESTION 3
What happens when an acid and a base are mixed?
They neutralize each other, forming water and a salt and moving the pH toward 7.

Create: test household items.

Have students choose five household liquids, predict whether each is an acid or a base, and plan a litmus or indicator test to check. A printable acids-and-bases worksheet is in the Science library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Acids and BasesFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Acids and BasesQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
0%

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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Acids and BasesPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: acid, base, indicator, ion, litmus, neutral, neutralization, pH scale
  1. a solution with a pH of 7, neither acidic nor basic
  2. a dye that turns red in acid and blue in base
  3. an atom or group with an electric charge, such as H⁺ or OH⁻
  4. a reaction between an acid and a base that forms water and a salt
  5. a scale from 0 to 14 that measures how acidic or basic a solution is
  6. a substance that changes color to show pH
  7. a substance with a pH below 7 that releases H⁺ ions in water
  8. a substance with a pH above 7 that releases OH⁻ ions in water

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. How can you tell an acid from a base using the pH scale?
  2. Name two properties of a base.
  3. What happens when an acid and a base are mixed?
Answer key — Part A: 1) neutral · 2) litmus · 3) ion · 4) neutralization · 5) pH scale · 6) indicator · 7) acid · 8) base
Part B: 1) An acid has a pH below 7 and a base has a pH above 7; a pH of 7 is neutral. 2) It feels slippery, turns litmus blue, has a pH above 7, and releases OH⁻ ions (any two). 3) They neutralize each other, forming water and a salt and moving the pH toward 7.