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Special Right Triangles: 45-45-90 & 30-60-90

Tenth graders learn the two special right triangles — the 45-45-90 (with equal legs) and the 30-60-90 — whose fixed side ratios let you find missing sides instantly, without a calculator.

Grade 10Right Triangles55 minutes1 class periodGradual ReleaseExplicit teaching4 StandardsCommon Core
Start the Lesson
Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Use the 45-45-90 ratio.
  • ✓Use the 30-60-90 ratio.
  • ✓Find missing sides quickly.
  • ✓Recognize special triangles.
Essential Question

Some right triangles have such predictable proportions that you can find any side in your head. What are these special triangles, and what are their magic ratios?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Model · Interactive Tool

Special Triangle Ratios

Project each item and have students use the special-triangle ratios. The tool explains the fixed side relationships.

📐 Use the special right-triangle ratiosTry it
Use the special right-triangle ratios to solve.
The Lesson · Gradual Release (I Do · We Do · You Do)

55 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Launch — Predictable Triangles

5 min

Some right triangles have magic proportions — which ones?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show a 45-45-90 triangle.
  • Ask about the sides.
  • Set the goal: special triangles.

🎒 Student Actions

  • See the triangle.
  • Notice the pattern.
  • Predict a ratio.
2

I Do — The Two Ratios

10 min

Teacher models.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • 45-45-90: 1 : 1 : √2.
  • 30-60-90: 1 : √3 : 2.
  • Apply the ratios.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Learn 45-45-90.
  • Learn 30-60-90.
  • Apply them.
3

We Do — Solve Together

13 min

Class uses Special Triangle Ratios.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Use the ratio.
  • Find missing sides.
  • Explain the type.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Use the ratio.
  • Find sides.
  • Explain it.
4

You Do — On Your Own

12 min

Students solve.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Find sides in 45-45-90.
  • Find sides in 30-60-90.
  • Recognize the type.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Solve 45-45-90.
  • Solve 30-60-90.
  • Recognize it.
5

Close — Close

5 min

One triangle.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Give a special triangle.
  • Find a missing side.
  • Hand out the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Find it.
  • Explain it.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (High School Geometry).

CCSS
G-SRT.6

Understand side ratios in right triangles lead to trigonometry.

CCSS
G-SRT.8

Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean theorem to solve right triangles.

CCSS
G-SRT.4

Prove theorems about triangles.

CCSS
G-CO.1

Know precise definitions of geometric figures.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Ratio reference cards.
  • Sentence frame: “The hypotenuse is ___ times ___.”
  • Use labeled triangles.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with 45-45-90.
  • Provide the ratio.
  • Substitute step by step.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Apply to real problems.
  • Derive the ratios.
  • Combine with the Pythagorean theorem.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 📐Set squares
  • 💻Special Triangle Ratios
  • 🧮Calculators
  • ✏️Pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

special right trianglea triangle with fixed side ratios45-45-90 trianglean isosceles right triangle30-60-90 trianglea right triangle with those angleshypotenusethe side opposite the right anglelega side forming the right angleratioa comparison of sizesisosceleshaving two equal sidescongruentequal in measure
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
In a 45-45-90 triangle with legs of 3, what is the hypotenuse?
3√2.
QUESTION 2
What is the side ratio of a 30-60-90 triangle?
1 : √3 : 2.
QUESTION 3
Why are the two legs of a 45-45-90 triangle equal?
Because the triangle is isosceles (the two 45° angles are equal, so their opposite sides are equal).

Going deeper? Real-world uses.

Have students use special right triangles to solve real problems — like finding the diagonal of a square or the height of an equilateral triangle. A printable special-triangles sheet is in the Math library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Special Right TrianglesFlip
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Term
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Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Special Right TrianglesQuiz
Score: 0
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Question 1
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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Special Right TrianglesPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: 30-60-90 triangle, 45-45-90 triangle, congruent, hypotenuse, isosceles, leg, ratio, special right triangle
  1. an isosceles right triangle
  2. a right triangle with those angles
  3. the side opposite the right angle
  4. a triangle with fixed side ratios
  5. having two equal sides
  6. a comparison of sizes
  7. equal in measure
  8. a side forming the right angle

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. In a 45-45-90 triangle with legs of 3, what is the hypotenuse?
  2. What is the side ratio of a 30-60-90 triangle?
  3. Why are the two legs of a 45-45-90 triangle equal?
Answer key — Part A: 1) 45-45-90 triangle · 2) 30-60-90 triangle · 3) hypotenuse · 4) special right triangle · 5) isosceles · 6) ratio · 7) congruent · 8) leg
Part B: 1) 3√2. 2) 1 : √3 : 2. 3) Because the triangle is isosceles (the two 45° angles are equal, so their opposite sides are equal).