Twelfth graders meet a feature English lacks — evidentiality. Turkish has TWO past tenses: -di for what you witnessed (geldi = “he came,” I saw it) and -mış for what you heard or inferred (gelmiş = “apparently he came”). They match each witnessed form to its reported twin.
Students will be able to…
geldi or gelmiş? How does Turkish show whether you saw something or just heard about it?
Project this and match each witnessed (-di) form to its reported (-mış) twin — tap the witnessed form, then its reported form.
Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.
How does Turkish show if you saw something or just heard of it?
Students learn.
Students practice.
Students speak.
Students close.
Aligned to the ACTFL World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages (Intermediate-Mid).
Compare evidentiality across languages.
Interpretive: read evidential forms.
Presentational: choose the right past.
Recognize grammatical evidentiality.
Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.
Have students give one -di / -mış pair in Turkish and say what each implies. A printable Turkish evidentiality sheet is in the World Languages library.
Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.
A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.
A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.