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Forces: Push & Pull

Third graders learn that a force is a push or a pull that can change an object’s motion — and how balanced forces keep things steady while unbalanced forces make things start, stop, or change direction.

Grade 3Forces40 minutes1 class period5E ModelExplicit teaching4 StandardsNGSS
Start the Lesson
Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Explain what a force is.
  • ✓Give examples of push and pull.
  • ✓Explain balanced forces.
  • ✓Explain unbalanced forces.
Essential Question

You push a swing and it moves; you pull a wagon and it rolls. Every time something starts, stops, or changes direction, a force is at work. What are forces, and how do they change motion?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Explore · Interactive

Forces Check

Project each item and have students answer about forces. The tool explains pushes, pulls, and balanced vs. unbalanced forces.

💪 Understand pushes & pullsTry it
Answer each question about forces.
The Lesson · 5E Instructional Model (Engage · Explore · Explain · Elaborate · Evaluate)

40 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Engage — Start, Stop, Turn

5 min

A swing moves, a wagon rolls — what makes things start and stop?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Push and pull objects.
  • Ask what makes them move.
  • Pose the question.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Push and pull.
  • Wonder why.
  • Predict forces.
2

Explore — Explore Forces

10 min

Students investigate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to Forces Check.
  • Note push vs. pull.
  • Note balanced/unbalanced.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Answer them.
  • Note push/pull.
  • Note balance.
3

Explain — Push, Pull, Balance

11 min

Students explain.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Explain forces.
  • Explain balanced forces.
  • Explain unbalanced forces.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Explain forces.
  • Explain balance.
  • Explain unbalanced.
4

Elaborate — Testing Forces

9 min

Students elaborate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Do a tug-of-war (balanced).
  • Change an object’s motion.
  • Explain the result.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Try tug-of-war.
  • Change motion.
  • Explain it.
5

Evaluate — Evaluate

5 min

Students conclude.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Explain a force.
  • Explain balanced vs. unbalanced.
  • Hand out the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Explain it.
  • Explain balance.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards (Grade 3 / Elementary Science).

NGSS
3-PS2-1

Investigate the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object’s motion.

NGSS
3-PS2-2

Make observations to provide evidence that the motion of an object is predictable.

NGSS
3-PS2-4

Ask questions about the effects of forces.

NGSS
SEP-3

Planning and carrying out investigations.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Push/pull picture cards.
  • Sentence frame: “A push/pull makes it ___.”
  • Push and pull real objects.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with push vs. pull.
  • Use real objects.
  • Focus on “makes it move.”

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Measure force with a spring scale.
  • Predict motion from forces.
  • Design a force test.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 🪀A rope for tug-of-war
  • 💻Forces Check
  • 🪂Toy cars
  • ✏️Pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

forcea push or a pullpusha force away from youpulla force toward youmotiona change in positionbalanced forcesequal, opposite forces (no motion change)unbalanced forcesforces that change motionspeedhow fast something movesdirectionthe way something moves
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
What is a force?
A push or a pull.
QUESTION 2
What happens to an object when the forces on it are balanced?
Its motion doesn’t change — it stays still or keeps moving the same way.
QUESTION 3
What kind of force changes an object’s motion?
An unbalanced force.

Elaborate: tug-of-war science.

Have students play tug-of-war and observe how the rope stays still when forces are balanced but moves when one side pulls harder (unbalanced). A printable forces sheet is in the Science library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Forces: Push & PullFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Forces: Push & PullQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
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Nice work!

Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Forces: Push & PullPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: balanced forces, direction, force, motion, pull, push, speed, unbalanced forces
  1. a push or a pull
  2. how fast something moves
  3. a force away from you
  4. forces that change motion
  5. a force toward you
  6. the way something moves
  7. a change in position
  8. equal, opposite forces (no motion change)

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. What is a force?
  2. What happens to an object when the forces on it are balanced?
  3. What kind of force changes an object’s motion?
Answer key — Part A: 1) force · 2) speed · 3) push · 4) unbalanced forces · 5) pull · 6) direction · 7) motion · 8) balanced forces
Part B: 1) A push or a pull. 2) Its motion doesn’t change — it stays still or keeps moving the same way. 3) An unbalanced force.