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Phases of the Moon

Fourth graders learn why the Moon looks different night to night, from a thin crescent to a full circle, and what really causes its phases, and check what they know.

Grade 4Phases of the Moon45 minutes1 class period5E ModelExplicit teaching4 StandardsNGSS
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Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Name the Moon phases.
  • ✓Explain what causes them.
  • ✓Tell waxing from waning.
  • ✓Spot tonight's phase.
Essential Question

Some nights the Moon is a full circle, some a thin sliver. The Moon is not really changing shape, so why does it look different?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Moon Check · Interactive

Moon Check

Project this and answer each question about why the Moon seems to change shape — read the explanation after each one.

🌙 Check what you know about the phases of the MoonTry it
Answer each question about why the Moon seems to change shape.
The Lesson · 5E Instructional Model (Engage · Explore · Explain · Elaborate · Evaluate)

45 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Hook — The Changing Moon

5 min

Some nights the Moon is a full circle, some a thin sliver, some gone. The Moon is not really changing shape, so why does it look different?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show Moon photos.
  • Ask what changes.
  • Set the goal.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Think.
  • Share.
  • Get ready.
2

Use — Moon Check

12 min

Students answer questions about Moon phases.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to the Moon Check.
  • Answer each question.
  • Read the why.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Answer.
  • Check.
  • Read it.
3

Modify — Name the Phase

13 min

Students identify phases.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Look at a Moon picture.
  • Name the phase.
  • Say if it is waxing or waning.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Look.
  • Name.
  • Say.
4

Create — Moon Journal

15 min

Students plan Moon observations.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Make a week of boxes.
  • Plan to draw the Moon each night.
  • Predict the next phase.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Make.
  • Plan.
  • Predict.
5

Reflect — Why the Moon Changes

5 min

Students reflect on Moon phases.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • What really causes the Moon's phases?
  • What is the difference between waxing and waning?
  • Complete the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Say it.
  • Say it.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards (Grade 4 / Elementary Science).

NGSS
1-ESS1-1

Use observations of the sun, moon, and stars to describe patterns.

NGSS
5-ESS1-2

Represent data to reveal patterns of daily changes in the sky.

NGSS
SEP-2

Developing and using models to describe phenomena.

CCSS
RI.4.7

Interpret information presented visually and explain how it helps.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Moon-phase picture cards.
  • Sentence frame: “This is a ___ moon.”
  • Answer one question at a time.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with new and full moon.
  • Name one phase together.
  • Review one idea at a time.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Add the eight named phases.
  • Model phases with a ball and lamp.
  • Explain waxing vs waning with a diagram.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 🌙Moon-phase photos
  • 💻Moon Check
  • 🔦A ball and lamp to model phases
  • ✏️Pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

phasethe shape of the lit Moon we see at a given timeorbitthe path the Moon travels around the Earthreflectto bounce light back, as the Moon does with sunlightnew moonthe phase when we see almost no lit Moonfull moonthe phase when the whole lit side faces uscrescenta thin, curved sliver of the Moonwaxingwhen the lit part we see is growingwaningwhen the lit part we see is shrinking
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
What really causes the Moon's phases?
As the Moon orbits Earth, we see different amounts of its sunlit half; it does not change shape.
QUESTION 2
What is the difference between waxing and waning?
Waxing is when the lit part we see is growing; waning is when it is shrinking.
QUESTION 3
Does the Moon make its own light?
No, it reflects light from the Sun.

Create: a Moon journal.

Have students make a week of boxes to draw the Moon each night and predict the next phase, so the pattern becomes something they observe. A printable Moon-phases worksheet is in the Science library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Phases of the MoonFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Nice work!

Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Phases of the MoonQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
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Nice work!

Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Phases of the MoonPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: crescent, full moon, new moon, orbit, phase, reflect, waning, waxing
  1. the phase when we see almost no lit Moon
  2. the phase when the whole lit side faces us
  3. when the lit part we see is growing
  4. when the lit part we see is shrinking
  5. to bounce light back, as the Moon does with sunlight
  6. a thin, curved sliver of the Moon
  7. the shape of the lit Moon we see at a given time
  8. the path the Moon travels around the Earth

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. What really causes the Moon's phases?
  2. What is the difference between waxing and waning?
  3. Does the Moon make its own light?
Answer key — Part A: 1) new moon · 2) full moon · 3) waxing · 4) waning · 5) reflect · 6) crescent · 7) phase · 8) orbit
Part B: 1) As the Moon orbits Earth, we see different amounts of its sunlit half; it does not change shape. 2) Waxing is when the lit part we see is growing; waning is when it is shrinking. 3) No, it reflects light from the Sun.