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Multi-Digit Multiplication

Fourth graders learn to multiply larger numbers by breaking them apart by place value, multiplying each part, and adding the partial products back together.

Grade 4Multi-Digit Multiplication50 minutes1 class periodGradual ReleaseExplicit teaching4 StandardsCommon Core
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Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Multiply by place value.
  • ✓Use partial products.
  • ✓Regroup when needed.
  • ✓Estimate to check.
Essential Question

Multiplication facts only reach so far, but real numbers get big fast. How can place value turn a hard multiplication into a few easy ones?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Model · Interactive Tool

Multiplication Check

Project this and answer each question about multiplying multi-digit numbers — read the explanation after each one.

✖️ Check what you know about multiplyingTry it
Answer each question about multi-digit multiplication.
The Lesson · Gradual Release (I Do · We Do · You Do)

50 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Hook — Too Big for Facts

5 min

You know 3 x 4, but how do you handle 3 x 46 without a calculator?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show 3 × 46.
  • Ask how to break it up.
  • Set the goal.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Think.
  • Share.
  • Get ready.
2

Use — Multiplication Check

12 min

Students answer questions about multiplying.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to the Multiplication Check.
  • Answer each question.
  • Read the why.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Answer.
  • Check.
  • Read it.
3

Modify — Break by Place Value

13 min

Students use partial products.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Split by tens and ones.
  • Multiply each part.
  • Add the partial products.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Split.
  • Multiply.
  • Add.
4

Create — Solve and Estimate

15 min

Students solve and check with estimation.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Pick a 2-digit × 1-digit problem.
  • Estimate the answer first.
  • Solve and compare.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Pick.
  • Estimate.
  • Solve.
5

Reflect — Place Value Helps

5 min

Students reflect on why place value works.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Why split by place value?
  • How does estimating help?
  • Complete the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Say it.
  • Say it.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics.

CCSS
4.NBT.B.5

Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit number using place value strategies.

CCSS
4.OA.A.3

Solve multistep word problems using the four operations.

CCSS
5.NBT.B.5

Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.

CCSS
MP.5

Use appropriate tools strategically.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Place-value split cards.
  • Sentence frame: “3 × 46 = 3×___ + 3×___ .”
  • Multiply one place at a time.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with no regrouping.
  • Use an area model / grid.
  • Add partial products last.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Multiply 2-digit by 2-digit numbers.
  • Use the standard algorithm.
  • Check every answer with an estimate.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 📐Grid / area-model paper
  • 💻Multiplication Check
  • 🧮Base-ten blocks
  • ✏️Pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

multiplyto find the total of equal groupsfactora number being multipliedproductthe answer to a multiplication problempartial productthe result of multiplying one place value at a timeplace valuethe value of a digit based on its positionregroupto carry a ten into the next place when a total is 10 or moreestimatea close, rounded guess used to check an answerstandard algorithmthe step-by-step method for multiplying stacked numbers
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
How can breaking a number into place values help you multiply?
You multiply the tens and the ones separately (partial products), then add them.
QUESTION 2
Find 5 × 24 and show your partial products.
5 × 20 = 100 and 5 × 4 = 20; 100 + 20 = 120.
QUESTION 3
How does estimating help when you multiply?
It gives a close answer to check that your exact result is reasonable.

Create: solve and estimate.

Have students pick a two-digit by one-digit problem, estimate the answer first, then solve with partial products and compare. A printable multiplication worksheet is in the Mathematics library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Multi-Digit MultiplicationFlip
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Term
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Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Multi-Digit MultiplicationQuiz
Score: 0
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Question 1
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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Multi-Digit MultiplicationPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: estimate, factor, multiply, partial product, place value, product, regroup, standard algorithm
  1. the result of multiplying one place value at a time
  2. the value of a digit based on its position
  3. a close, rounded guess used to check an answer
  4. the step-by-step method for multiplying stacked numbers
  5. the answer to a multiplication problem
  6. to carry a ten into the next place when a total is 10 or more
  7. to find the total of equal groups
  8. a number being multiplied

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. How can breaking a number into place values help you multiply?
  2. Find 5 × 24 and show your partial products.
  3. How does estimating help when you multiply?
Answer key — Part A: 1) partial product · 2) place value · 3) estimate · 4) standard algorithm · 5) product · 6) regroup · 7) multiply · 8) factor
Part B: 1) You multiply the tens and the ones separately (partial products), then add them. 2) 5 × 20 = 100 and 5 × 4 = 20; 100 + 20 = 120. 3) It gives a close answer to check that your exact result is reasonable.