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Literal and Figurative

Sixth graders learn to tell language that means exactly what it says from figures of speech that mean something more, and sort real phrases into literal and figurative.

Grade 6Vocabulary35 minutes1 class periodReading WorkshopExplicit teaching4 StandardsCommon Core
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Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Define literal.
  • ✓Define figurative.
  • ✓Spot a figure of speech.
  • ✓Sort each phrase.
Essential Question

Sometimes words mean exactly what they say, and sometimes they mean much more. How do you tell literal language from figurative, and why does it matter?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Sort the Phrases · Interactive

Sort the Phrases

Project this and sort each phrase into literal or figurative — tap a phrase, then tap where it belongs.

🎨 Sort each phrase: literal or figurative?Try it
📏 Literal
🌈 Figurative
Tap a phrase, then tap whether it means exactly what it says or is a figure of speech.
The Lesson · Reading Workshop (Mini-Lesson · Practice · Share)

35 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Hook — Raining Cats and Dogs?

5 min

If someone says it is “raining cats and dogs,” no pets are falling. How do you know when words mean exactly what they say?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show the phrase.
  • Ask what it means.
  • Set the goal.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Think.
  • Share.
  • Get ready.
2

Use — Sort the Phrases

12 min

Students sort literal and figurative phrases.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to Sort the Phrases.
  • Drop each phrase.
  • Explain each choice.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Sort.
  • Say.
  • Explain.
3

Modify — Say What You Mean

13 min

Students translate figurative phrases.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Pick a figurative phrase.
  • Say its literal meaning.
  • Name the figure of speech.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Pick.
  • Say.
  • Name.
4

Create — Write It Both Ways

15 min

Students write both kinds.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Pick an idea.
  • Write it literally.
  • Write it figuratively.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Pick.
  • Write.
  • Write.
5

Reflect — Beyond the Words

5 min

Students reflect on the difference.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • How is figurative language different from literal?
  • Why do writers use it?
  • Complete the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Say it.
  • Say it.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts.

CCSS
L.6.5a

Interpret figures of speech in context.

CCSS
RL.6.4

Determine figurative and connotative meanings.

CCSS
L.6.5

Distinguish literal from figurative language.

CCSS
L.6.6

Use language knowledge when reading and writing.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Phrase picture cards.
  • Sentence frame: “___ is literal / figurative.”
  • Sort two phrases at a time.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with clear literal phrases.
  • Discuss one idiom together.
  • Sort literal fully before the rest.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Name the type of each figure of speech.
  • Find both kinds in a poem.
  • Rewrite a literal line figuratively.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 🖼️Phrase cards
  • 💻Sort the Phrases
  • 📖A short poem
  • ✏️Pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

literalmeaning exactly what the words sayfigurativemeaning something beyond the exact wordsfigure of speechan expression not meant literallymetaphora comparison calling one thing anothersimilea comparison using 'like' or 'as'idioma common phrase with a non-literal meaninghyperbolean exaggeration for effectpersonificationgiving human traits to non-human things
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
How is figurative language different from literal?
Literal language means exactly what it says; figurative language means something beyond the exact words.
QUESTION 2
Give an example of a figurative phrase and what it means.
For example, 'a heart of gold' means someone is very kind, not made of metal.
QUESTION 3
Why do writers use figurative language?
To create images, feeling, and emphasis, making writing more vivid and memorable.

Create: write it both ways.

Have students take one idea and write it both literally and figuratively, so they feel how figures of speech add meaning. A printable literal-and-figurative worksheet is in the English Language Arts library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Literal and Figurative LanguageFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Nice work!

Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Literal and Figurative LanguageQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
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Nice work!

Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Literal and Figurative LanguagePrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: figurative, figure of speech, hyperbole, idiom, literal, metaphor, personification, simile
  1. a comparison calling one thing another
  2. a comparison using 'like' or 'as'
  3. an exaggeration for effect
  4. giving human traits to non-human things
  5. an expression not meant literally
  6. a common phrase with a non-literal meaning
  7. meaning exactly what the words say
  8. meaning something beyond the exact words

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. How is figurative language different from literal?
  2. Give an example of a figurative phrase and what it means.
  3. Why do writers use figurative language?
Answer key — Part A: 1) metaphor · 2) simile · 3) hyperbole · 4) personification · 5) figure of speech · 6) idiom · 7) literal · 8) figurative
Part B: 1) Literal language means exactly what it says; figurative language means something beyond the exact words. 2) For example, 'a heart of gold' means someone is very kind, not made of metal. 3) To create images, feeling, and emphasis, making writing more vivid and memorable.