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Cells & the Cell Theory

Seventh graders learn the cell theory — the foundational idea that all living things are made of cells — and compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and plant and animal cells, and the organelles that keep them alive.

Grade 7Cells50 minutes1 class period5E ModelExplicit teaching4 StandardsNGSS
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Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓State the cell theory.
  • ✓Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  • ✓Compare plant and animal cells.
  • ✓Name key organelles.
Essential Question

From a towering redwood to a tiny bacterium, every living thing is built from the same basic unit: the cell. What is a cell, and how did we come to understand it?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Explore · Interactive

The Cell Explorer

Project this and tap each idea. Have students learn the cell theory and the different kinds of cells and organelles!

🔬 Explore cells & the cell theory — tap eachTry it

The Lesson · 5E Instructional Model (Engage · Explore · Explain · Elaborate · Evaluate)

50 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Engage — The Basic Unit

5 min

A redwood and a bacterium share one thing — they’re built from cells. What is a cell?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show diverse living things.
  • Ask what they share.
  • Pose the question.

🎒 Student Actions

  • See them.
  • Find the shared unit.
  • Predict cells.
2

Explore — Explore Cells

12 min

Students investigate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to the Cell Explorer.
  • Note the cell theory.
  • Note cell types.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Tap each.
  • Note the theory.
  • Note types.
3

Explain — Cell Theory & Types

13 min

Students explain.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • State the cell theory.
  • Compare prokaryotic/eukaryotic.
  • Compare plant/animal.

🎒 Student Actions

  • State the theory.
  • Compare types.
  • Compare plant/animal.
4

Elaborate — Organelles at Work

13 min

Students elaborate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Name key organelles.
  • Explain their jobs.
  • Observe cells under a microscope.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Name organelles.
  • Explain jobs.
  • Observe cells.
5

Evaluate — Evaluate

5 min

Students conclude.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • State the cell theory.
  • Compare two cell types.
  • Hand out the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • State it.
  • Compare them.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards (Middle School Life Science).

NGSS
MS-LS1-1

Conduct an investigation providing evidence that living things are made of cells.

NGSS
MS-LS1-2

Develop and use a model to describe the function of a cell as a whole and parts.

NGSS
MS-LS1-3

Use arguments about the body as a system of cells.

NGSS
SEP-2

Developing and using models.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Cell-type comparison chart.
  • Sentence frame: “A ___ cell has ___.”
  • Use labeled cell diagrams.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with the cell theory.
  • Compare plant vs. animal only.
  • Use a microscope.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Diagram organelle functions.
  • Compare cell types in depth.
  • Prepare a wet-mount slide.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 🔬Microscopes
  • 💻The Cell Explorer
  • 🧫Prepared slides
  • ✏️Pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

cellthe basic unit of lifecell theoryall living things are made of cellsprokaryotea cell with no nucleuseukaryotea cell with a nucleusorganellea structure inside a cellnucleusthe control center of a cellcell walla rigid layer in plant cellsmitochondriathe cell’s energy producers
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
All living things are made of cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; all cells come from other cells.
QUESTION 2
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes have no nucleus; eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
QUESTION 3
Name one structure found in plant cells but not animal cells.
A cell wall, chloroplasts, or a large central vacuole.

Elaborate: cells up close.

Have students observe plant and animal cells under a microscope and draw and label what they see. A printable cells sheet is in the Science library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Cells & Cell TheoryFlip
Card 1
Term
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Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Cells & Cell TheoryQuiz
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Question 1
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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Cells & Cell TheoryPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: cell, cell theory, cell wall, eukaryote, mitochondria, nucleus, organelle, prokaryote
  1. a cell with a nucleus
  2. a cell with no nucleus
  3. all living things are made of cells
  4. a structure inside a cell
  5. a rigid layer in plant cells
  6. the control center of a cell
  7. the cell’s energy producers
  8. the basic unit of life

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. What are the three parts of the cell theory?
  2. What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
  3. Name one structure found in plant cells but not animal cells.
Answer key — Part A: 1) eukaryote · 2) prokaryote · 3) cell theory · 4) organelle · 5) cell wall · 6) nucleus · 7) mitochondria · 8) cell
Part B: 1) All living things are made of cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; all cells come from other cells. 2) Prokaryotes have no nucleus; eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. 3) A cell wall, chloroplasts, or a large central vacuole.