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Light & Shadows: Why Your Shadow Changes All Day

Students move the Sun across the sky and watch a shadow grow, shrink, and switch sides — discovering that light travels in straight lines and that we see because light bounces into our eyes.

Grades 3–5Upper Elementary45 minutes1 class period5E ModelInquiry-based4 StandardsNGSS + CCSS
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Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Explain that light travels in straight lines from a source.
  • ✓Describe how a shadow forms when an object blocks light.
  • ✓Explain that we see objects when light reflects off them into our eyes.
  • ✓Predict how a shadow changes as the light source moves.
Essential Question

In the morning your shadow is huge; at noon it almost disappears. What is really changing — you, or the light?

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5E Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Explore · Interactive Model

Move the Sun

Project this and slide the Sun across the sky. Have students record what happens to the tree’s shadow at morning, midday, and evening.

☀️ Slide the Sun — watch the shadow changeTry it
Time of day: Morning

The Lesson · 5E Model

45 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Engage — Chasing Shadows

5 min

Why is your shadow tiny at lunch but huge after school?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show morning and afternoon shadow photos.
  • Ask what makes the shadow change size.
  • Collect first ideas about the Sun’s position.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Compare the two shadows.
  • Predict what causes the change.
  • Record a first idea in their notebook.
2

Explore — Move the Sun

12 min

Students slide the Sun and track the shadow.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send groups to the Move the Sun model above.
  • Ask them to record the shadow at 3 times of day.
  • Prompt: “When is the shadow longest? Shortest?”

🎒 Student Actions

  • Slide the Sun from morning to evening.
  • Record shadow length and direction.
  • Notice the shadow points away from the Sun.
3

Explain — Light in Straight Lines

12 min

Shadows prove how light travels.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Explain light travels in straight lines from a source.
  • A shadow forms where an object blocks the light.
  • Explain we see because light reflects into our eyes.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Explain why the tree makes a shadow.
  • Connect low Sun to long shadows.
  • Explain how we see a non-glowing object.
4

Elaborate — Light We Can Use

11 min

Reflection, opaque, and everyday light.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Introduce transparent, translucent, opaque.
  • Show reflection with a mirror.
  • Connect to sundials, safety, and shadows in nature.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Sort materials by how much light passes through.
  • Predict a shadow’s shape from an object.
  • Explain how a mirror bounces light.
5

Evaluate — Exit Ticket

5 min

Three quick checks on light and shadows.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Hand out the exit ticket below.
  • Look for straight-line light + shadow cause.
  • Collect as formative data.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Explain how a shadow forms.
  • Explain how we see objects.
  • Predict a shadow from the Sun’s position.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to Next Generation Science Standards and Common Core literacy. State-standard crosswalks available on request.

NGSS
4-PS4-2

Develop a model to describe that light reflecting from objects and entering the eye allows objects to be seen.

NGSS
5-ESS1-2

Represent data to reveal patterns of daily changes in shadows, day and night.

CCSS
RI.4.7

Interpret information presented visually and explain how it contributes to understanding.

CCSS
W.4.2

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas clearly.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Use a flashlight and object to make real shadows.
  • Sentence frame: “The shadow is long when the Sun is ___.”
  • Picture cards for light, shadow, reflect.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Focus on “object blocks light = shadow” as the core idea.
  • Provide a diagram to label instead of draw.
  • Use hands-on flashlight play before writing.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Build and use a simple sundial.
  • Investigate how distance to a light changes shadow size.
  • Research why the sky changes color at sunset.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 📓Science notebooks
  • 💻The Move-the-Sun model
  • 🔦Flashlights + small objects
  • 🪞A mirror
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

lightenergy we can seesourcewhere light comes fromshadowa dark shape where light is blockedreflectto bounce off a surfaceopaqueblocks all lighttransparentlets light pass throughtranslucentlets some light throughraya straight line of light
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
How does a shadow form?
A shadow forms when an object blocks light. Because light travels in straight lines, the object stops the light and leaves a dark shape behind it.
QUESTION 2
Why can you see this paper, even though it does not glow?
Light from a source (like the Sun or a lamp) hits the paper and reflects off it into your eyes, which lets you see it.
QUESTION 3
It is early morning. Will your shadow be long or short, and why?
Long — the Sun is low in the sky in the morning, so the light hits you at an angle and stretches your shadow out.

Going deeper? Build a sundial.

Set a stick in clay outside and mark where its shadow points each hour — students build a working sundial and see the Sun’s path in action. A printable sundial template is in the Science library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Light & ShadowsFlip
Card 1
Term
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Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Light & ShadowsQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Light & ShadowsPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: light, opaque, ray, reflect, shadow, source, translucent, transparent
  1. where light comes from
  2. lets light pass through
  3. a dark shape where light is blocked
  4. energy we can see
  5. a straight line of light
  6. lets some light through
  7. blocks all light
  8. to bounce off a surface

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. How does a shadow form?
  2. Why can you see this paper, even though it does not glow?
  3. It is early morning. Will your shadow be long or short, and why?
Answer key — Part A: 1) source · 2) transparent · 3) shadow · 4) light · 5) ray · 6) translucent · 7) opaque · 8) reflect
Part B: 1) A shadow forms when an object blocks light. Because light travels in straight lines, the object stops the light and leaves a dark shape behind it. 2) Light from a source (like the Sun or a lamp) hits the paper and reflects off it into your eyes, which lets you see it. 3) Long — the Sun is low in the sky in the morning, so the light hits you at an angle and stretches your shadow out.