Home›Lesson Plans›Mathematics›Geometry · Grade 10

Right Triangle Trig: SOH-CAH-TOA

Students unlock trigonometry — the sine, cosine, and tangent ratios — discovering how the angles of a right triangle are tied to the ratios of its sides, and using SOH-CAH-TOA to find missing sides and angles.

Grade 10Trigonometry50 minutes1 class periodGradual ReleaseExplicit teaching4 StandardsCommon Core
Start the Lesson
Assign or share this lesson

Copy link works with Canvas, Schoology, Moodle and any other LMS — paste it in as a resource or assignment.

Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Define sine, cosine, tangent.
  • ✓Use SOH-CAH-TOA.
  • ✓Find a missing side.
  • ✓Find a missing angle.
Essential Question

Give me one angle and one side of a right triangle, and I can find every other part. What is the hidden connection between angles and side ratios?

0
Lesson Phases
0
Vocabulary Terms
0
Standards Aligned
0
Interactive Task
Model · Interactive Tool

The Trig Explorer

Project this and change the angle. Watch the triangle reshape and the sine, cosine, and tangent ratios update — SOH-CAH-TOA in action.

📐 Change the angle — watch sin, cos, tanTry it
Angle θ: 37°

The Lesson · Gradual Release (I Do · We Do · You Do)

50 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Launch — One Angle, Every Side

5 min

How can one angle unlock every side of a right triangle?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Pose the ramp/ladder problem.
  • Ask what links angle and sides.
  • Set the goal: trig ratios.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Consider the problem.
  • Wonder about the link.
  • Predict the idea.
2

I Do — SOH-CAH-TOA

10 min

Teacher models.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Define opposite, adjacent, hypotenuse.
  • Define sin, cos, tan as ratios.
  • Teach SOH-CAH-TOA.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Label the sides.
  • Learn the ratios.
  • Learn the mnemonic.
3

We Do — Explore Together

13 min

Class uses the Trig Explorer.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Change the angle; read ratios.
  • Connect ratio to side lengths.
  • Set up a ratio for a problem.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Change the angle.
  • Read the ratios.
  • Set one up.
4

You Do — On Your Own

12 min

Students solve triangles.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Find missing sides with trig.
  • Find a missing angle (inverse).
  • Solve a real problem.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Find sides.
  • Find angles.
  • Solve a problem.
5

Close — Close

5 min

One triangle.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Give an angle and a side.
  • Find a missing side.
  • Hand out the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Find the side.
  • Show the ratio.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (High School: Geometry).

CCSS
G-SRT.6

Define trigonometric ratios for acute angles in right triangles.

CCSS
G-SRT.7

Explain the relationship between the sine and cosine of complementary angles.

CCSS
G-SRT.8

Use trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean theorem to solve right triangles.

CCSS
G-SRT.5

Use similarity criteria (which underlie trig ratios) to solve problems.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Label opp/adj/hyp on a diagram.
  • Sentence frame: “sinθ = opposite over hypotenuse.”
  • Use the SOH-CAH-TOA card.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with tangent only.
  • Provide the formulas.
  • Use a calculator for ratios.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Use inverse trig to find angles.
  • Solve angle-of-elevation problems.
  • Derive the sine-cosine complement rule.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 📓Math notebooks
  • 💻The Trig Explorer
  • 🧮Scientific calculators
  • 📐Protractors
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

trigonometrythe study of triangle side-angle relationshipssineopposite ÷ hypotenusecosineadjacent ÷ hypotenusetangentopposite ÷ adjacentoppositethe side across from the angleadjacentthe side next to the anglehypotenusethe longest side (opposite the right angle)inverse trigfinds an angle from a ratio
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
What does SOH-CAH-TOA stand for?
Sine = Opposite/Hypotenuse, Cosine = Adjacent/Hypotenuse, Tangent = Opposite/Adjacent.
QUESTION 2
In a right triangle, the side opposite a 30° angle is 5 and the hypotenuse is 10. What is sin(30°)?
0.5 (5 ÷ 10).
QUESTION 3
Which ratio would you use to find a side if you know the angle, the adjacent side, and want the opposite side?
Tangent (tanθ = opposite/adjacent).

Going deeper? Angles of elevation.

Have students solve angle-of-elevation and depression problems — like finding a building’s height from a distance and an angle. A printable trig sheet is in the Math library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Right Triangle TrigonometryFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
0

Nice work!

Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Right Triangle TrigonometryQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
0%

Nice work!

Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Right Triangle TrigonometryPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: adjacent, cosine, hypotenuse, inverse trig, opposite, sine, tangent, trigonometry
  1. finds an angle from a ratio
  2. the side across from the angle
  3. opposite ÷ hypotenuse
  4. opposite ÷ adjacent
  5. the side next to the angle
  6. adjacent ÷ hypotenuse
  7. the study of triangle side-angle relationships
  8. the longest side (opposite the right angle)

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. What does SOH-CAH-TOA stand for?
  2. In a right triangle, the side opposite a 30° angle is 5 and the hypotenuse is 10. What is sin(30°)?
  3. Which ratio would you use to find a side if you know the angle, the adjacent side, and want the opposite side?
Answer key — Part A: 1) inverse trig · 2) opposite · 3) sine · 4) tangent · 5) adjacent · 6) cosine · 7) trigonometry · 8) hypotenuse
Part B: 1) Sine = Opposite/Hypotenuse, Cosine = Adjacent/Hypotenuse, Tangent = Opposite/Adjacent. 2) 0.5 (5 ÷ 10). 3) Tangent (tanθ = opposite/adjacent).