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The Solar System: The Sun, the Planets & Why We Have Day and Night

Students tour the Sun and eight planets, learn what keeps everything in orbit, and model why Earth’s spin gives us day and night.

Grades 3–5Upper Elementary 50 minutes1 class period 5E ModelInquiry-based 4 StandardsNGSS + CCSS
Start the Lesson
Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Identify the Sun and the eight planets of the solar system in order.
  • ✓Explain that gravity from the Sun keeps the planets in orbit.
  • ✓Model how Earth’s rotation causes day and night.
  • ✓Describe patterns in the sky: day/night, the Sun’s apparent path, and shadows.
Essential Question

The Sun looks like it moves across the sky each day — but it doesn’t. So what’s really moving, and why do we get day and night?

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5E Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Explore · Interactive Model

Solar System Explorer

Watch the planets orbit, then tap each world to reveal a fact. Have students record one thing that makes each planet unique.

🪐 Tap a world — explore the solar systemTry it

The Lesson · 5E Model

50 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Engage — The Sun That Doesn’t Move

5 min

If the Sun “rises” and “sets,” is it really moving?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show sunrise and sunset photos.
  • Ask: “Is the Sun moving — or are we?”
  • Collect predictions about day and night.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Describe the Sun’s path across the sky.
  • Predict what is really moving.
  • Record a first idea in their notebook.
2

Explore — Solar System Explorer

12 min

Students tour the Sun and eight planets.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send groups to the Solar System Explorer above.
  • Ask them to record one fact per planet.
  • Prompt: “What keeps the planets from flying away?”

🎒 Student Actions

  • Tap each world and log a unique fact.
  • Put the planets in order from the Sun.
  • Notice the orbits circling the Sun.
3

Explain — Orbits & Gravity

13 min

What holds it all together?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Name the Sun + eight planets in order.
  • Explain gravity from the Sun keeps planets in orbit.
  • Distinguish rotation (spin) from revolution (orbit).

🎒 Student Actions

  • Order the planets from the Sun.
  • Explain why planets stay in orbit.
  • Define rotation vs. revolution in their own words.
4

Elaborate — Modeling Day & Night

15 min

A flashlight, a globe, and a big “aha.”

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Use a flashlight (Sun) and globe (Earth).
  • Spin the globe to show day and night on one spot.
  • Connect Earth’s spin to the Sun’s apparent path and shadows.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Predict where it is day vs. night on the globe.
  • Mark their city and watch it turn into night.
  • Explain day/night using Earth’s rotation.
5

Evaluate — Exit Ticket

5 min

Three quick checks on planets, gravity, and day/night.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Hand out the exit ticket below.
  • Look for gravity + Earth’s spin explanations.
  • Collect as formative data.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Name the planets in order.
  • Explain what keeps planets in orbit.
  • Explain what causes day and night.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to Next Generation Science Standards and Common Core literacy. State-standard crosswalks available on request.

NGSS
5-ESS1-1

Support an argument that the apparent brightness of the sun and stars is due to their relative distances from Earth.

NGSS
5-ESS1-2

Represent data to reveal patterns of daily changes in shadows, day and night, and seasonal appearance of stars.

NGSS
5-PS2-1

Support an argument that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed down.

CCSS
RI.5.7

Draw on information from multiple sources to answer a question or solve a problem.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Planet picture cards labeled and ordered.
  • Sentence frame: “___ is the ___ planet from the Sun.”
  • Act out orbit and rotation with student volunteers.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Provide a pre-ordered planet reference strip.
  • Focus on Sun–Earth–Moon for the day/night model.
  • Allow labeling a diagram instead of writing.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Compare planet sizes and distances to scale.
  • Research why we have seasons (Earth’s tilt).
  • Investigate the Moon’s phases.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 📓Science notebooks
  • 💻The Solar System Explorer
  • 🔦Flashlight + globe
  • ✏️Colored pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

solar systemthe Sun and everything orbiting itplaneta large world orbiting a starorbitthe path around the Sungravitya pull between objectsrotationspinning on an axisrevolutionone trip around the Sunstara giant ball of hot gas (the Sun)axisthe imaginary line Earth spins on
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
Name the eight planets in order from the Sun.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
QUESTION 2
What keeps the planets orbiting the Sun instead of flying off into space?
The Sun’s gravity — a pull that keeps each planet moving in its orbit around the Sun.
QUESTION 3
What causes day and night on Earth?
Earth rotates (spins) on its axis about once every 24 hours. The side facing the Sun has day; the side facing away has night.

Going deeper? Build a scale model.

Have students pace out the planets’ distances on the playground using a scaled tape measure — the empty space between the outer planets is the real lesson. A printable scale-distance chart is in the Science library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 The Solar SystemFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 The Solar SystemQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ The Solar SystemPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: axis, gravity, orbit, planet, revolution, rotation, solar system, star
  1. a pull between objects
  2. one trip around the Sun
  3. the imaginary line Earth spins on
  4. spinning on an axis
  5. the Sun and everything orbiting it
  6. the path around the Sun
  7. a giant ball of hot gas (the Sun)
  8. a large world orbiting a star

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. Name the eight planets in order from the Sun.
  2. What keeps the planets orbiting the Sun instead of flying off into space?
  3. What causes day and night on Earth?
Answer key — Part A: 1) gravity · 2) revolution · 3) axis · 4) rotation · 5) solar system · 6) orbit · 7) star · 8) planet
Part B: 1) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. 2) The Sun’s gravity — a pull that keeps each planet moving in its orbit around the Sun. 3) Earth rotates (spins) on its axis about once every 24 hours. The side facing the Sun has day; the side facing away has night.